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List Of Medical Terms And Meanings
Pharmacology Terminology
Ezekiel 47:12 "And by the river upon the bank thereof, on this side and on that side, shall grow all trees for meat, whose leaf shall not fade, neither shall the fruit thereof be consumed: it shall bring forth new fruit according to his months, because their waters they issued out of the sanctuary: and the fruit thereof shall be for meat, and the leaf thereof for medicine."
Aphrodisiacs
An Aphrodisiac is a sexual stimulant. They increase libido, sex drive, arousal, stamina, and sperm count. Pretty rad right?Common Aphrodisiac drugs/ethnobotanicals: Bulrush(Typha capensis), Damiana,Maca root,Muna Muna, Cinnamon, Kratom(Mitragyna speciosa), Snakeroot(Eryngium aquaticum/yuccifolium)
Analgesic: This type of drug is a pain killer, pain reliever, or any member of the group of drugs used for pain management.
Common Analgesic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Opium Poppy, Kratom, Magnesium;, Agrimony(Agrimonia eupatoria)
Anti-adhesive: It's like natural sure jell.
Common Anti-adhesive drugs/ethnobotanicals:
Anti-asthmatic:Asthma has to do with inflammation of the lungs, and is a disease the functions based on this ailment.[1] It affects the airways of the lungs. It is typically caused by allergens, pollen, dust, and other particles[1], even proplyene glycol being put in vape cartridges, and causes the brochioles to construct and produce mucus or absorb less air, which restructs oxygen flow to the alveoli, and thus can even lower oxygen flow to the brain..[1] Anti-asthmatic drugs help combat these negative effects, from Asthma and related ailments. They're very similar to expectorants.(one could say Anti-asthmatic is another word for expectorant)
Common Anti-asthmatic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Menthol, isolated form Mint plants, Mullein(mucilage), Ephedra species, Lobelia(L. erinus)
Anti-oxidant
Anti-oxidants are chemicals that inhibit oxidation (usually occurring as autoxidation).[2] Oxidation is a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals.[2] Anti-oxidants prevents damage caused by free-radicals.[2]Common Anti-oxidant drugs/ethnobotanicals: EGCG(found in Kratom[4], Green Tea[5], Kola Nut)[6], Cinnamon
Anti-cancer:
Common Anti-cancer drugs/ethnobotanicals: Cancer bush(Sutherlandia frutescens)[3], Cannabis ( CBD and THC, Paudarco(T. impetiginosa), Cinnamon
Anti-inflammation:
Common Anti-inflammation drugs/ethnobotanicals: Cinnamon, Echinacea, Agrimony(Agrimonia eupatoria)
Anti-microbial:
Common Anti-microbial drugs/ethnobotanicals: Wild Dagga(Leonotis leonurus), Cinnamon, Eryngium maritimum, Eryngium aquaticum, Tumeric, Ginger, Thyme, Pennyroyal, Fennel, Chamomile, Mint, Burdock, Eucalyptus, Lemon Balm, Mallow, Garlic;
Antineoplastic: "Antineoplastic drugs are medications used to treat cancer."(cdc.gov)
Common Antineoplastic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Voacanga africana (and the alkaloids it produces known as: Voacangaine, and Tabersonine, which are found in other species listed on its page.)
According to the Center For Disease Control, Other names for antineoplastic drugs includes: anticancer, chemotherapy, chemo, cytotoxic, or hazardous drugs.(Center For Disease Control: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/reproductive-health/prevention/antineoplastic.html)
Anti-fungal:
Common Anti-fungal drugs/ethnobotanicals: Pau D'arco(T. impetiginosa), Anise, Spikenard
Abortifacient
Common Abortifacient drugs/ethnobtoanicals: Paudarco(T./H. impetigniosa), Pennyroyal(Mentha pulegium), Quinine(Cinchona officinalis)
Anti-anemic
Common Anti-anemic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Paudarco(T./H. impetigniosa)
Anti-diabetic: This one should be obvious, but from Encyclopedia Britannica it is: "antidiabetic drug, any drug that works to lower abnormally high glucose (sugar) levels in the blood, which are characteristic of the endocrine system disorder known as diabetes"[11]
Common Anti-diabetic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Paudarco(Pink lapacho;) T./H. impetiginosa, and Gymnema sylvestre;
Anti-pyretric: These are drugs that lower fever;[10] Think of the term "pyro", as in someone who loves to set fires. Fevers are hot, hot like fivers, and anti-pyretic drugs lower that heat, they put out the fire, hints "anti-pyretic".
Common Anti-pyretic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Paudarco(Pink lapacho;) T./H. impetiginosa
Anti-proliferative
Common Anti-proliferative drugs/ethnobotanicals: Paudarco(Pink lapacho;) T./H. impetiginosa, Asclepias subulata(Rush Milkweed).
Anti-scorbutic "In Pharmacology: A medicine that prevents or combats scurvy.[12]
Common Anti-scorbutic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Adders Tongue(Erythronium americanum)
Anesthetic: A drug that turns down the volume on pain. A pain reliever.
Common Anesthetic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Echinacea, Ephedra, Kava, Kratom, Opium Lettuce, Opium Poppy, California Poppy, Myrrh, Pink Cheron(Incarvillea sinensis)
Anti-nociceptive:
Common Anti-nociceptive drugs/ethnobotanicals:
Carminative: Carminatives combat gas and bloating;
Common Carminative drugs/ethnobotanicals: Cardamon, Coriander, Star Anise, Ginger, Peppermint, Lemon Balm, Fennel, Chamomile, Turmeric, Cumin
Diuretic:
Common Diuretic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Dandelion, Ginger, Hawthorn, Juniper
Deliriant:
Common Deliriant drugs/ethnobotanicals: Any scopolamine producing plant; Henbane, Henbane Bell, Mandrake, Datura, Bella Donna, Chilean Holy, and more;
Emetic:
Common Emetic drugs/ethnobotanicals:
Entheogen: I won't refer to any substance as an "entheogen", because the entire teaching behind an entheogen is to turn a drug into an idol. Drugs make life better and are necessary in society, but don't turn them into an idol. A real definition for entheogen is: "A drug that's viewed as an idol and consumed to grant god-like magical powers". There seems to be multiple definitions floating around. The other definition is, a drug used as a religious sacrament, to worship. They are not the same thing though, as one is idolatry, and the other is simply a sacrament(used TO worship, not as an actual idol or charm). Never fall victim to pagan philosophies and view any plant or drug as a god or as having "magical powers".
Common Entheogen drugs/ethnobotanicals: Don't refer to things as an "entheogen", please.
Empathogen:
Common Empathogen drugs/ethnobotanicals: Sassafras(due to, and depending upon the mda/safrole content). Kratom, Opium Expectorant: Common Expectorant drugs/ethnobotanicals: Mullein, Spikenard(Aralia racemosa) Emollient: Drugs that soften, smooth, and repair the skin. Great when used in DIY homemade beauty products to sell on ETSY, EBAY, on your stand-alone shop. Common Emollient drugs/ethnobotanicals: Adders Tongue(Erythronium americanum) Hallucinogen: I've done a lot of research over the last ten plus years from academic sources online, books written by scholars such as Albert Hoffman, Evan schultes, and others(including the Mckenna brothers) on ethnobotany(and "hallucinogens"), and I have observed that what they commonly label as "hallucinogens", appears to belong more to the "deliriant" category of drugs, being that they are psychoactive poisons, not "psychedelics". These are not necessarily "psyche manifesting" substances, most of the time they are more of a "delirium manifesting" type of substance(especially if they're legal), and scopolamine is the most diabolical of all deliriants, being that the victim is hypnonitzed and under the control of the sorcerer that poisoned him or her. Common Hallucinogenic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Datura(Devils Weed; Angel-trumpets), Henbane, Mandrake, Atropa Bella Donna(Deadly Nightshade/ IE), Scopolia carniolica(Henbane bell), etc. Scopolamine; Mescal beans, Amanita muscaria OG Observation: These are usually legal, and that's because they're dangerous, poionsous, and not worth while(they're psychoactive POISONS, and they don't produce a good time. You're being lied to by a satanic movement. Psilocybin is a true psychedelic, and it isn't a hallucinogen, okay. The spores can be purchased from Micro-supply.com(psilocybin mushroom spores, legal) Hypotensive: Common Hypotensive drugs/ethnobotanicals: Agrimony(Agrimonia eupatoria) Insecticidal: Common Insecticidal drugs/ethnobotanicals: MAOI
Common MAOI Drugs/Ethnobotanicals: Syrian Rue, Passion Flower, B. caapi, Bobinsana, Nutmeg, Liquorice
Nootropic: Nootropics are drugs which are said to improve cognitive function, or act as "brain food". There are drugs out that which have been scientifically proven to induce neuroplasticity in the brain, regrow nerve-cells, repair damage, and protect the brain(neuroprotective).[7][8]
Common Nootropic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Cowage(Mucuna pruriens), Ginkgo biloba, Gotu Kola(Centella casiatica), Lemon Balm(Melissa officinalis), Synaptolepis kirkii(Oneirogen), Ginseng;
Oneirogen: Oneirogens are drugs/plants that stimulate, induce, or enhance dreams, the dreaming mind, and the memory thereof.[13] I discover that certain ethnobotanicals are oneirogens on my own, as I have used hundreds of medicinal plants, and know them very well.
Common Oneirogenic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Calea zacatechichi(Dream Herb), Silene capensis(Xhosa), Synaptolepis kirkii, Entada rheedii(African Dream Herb), Imphepho, Damiana(Turnera diffusa), Nutmeg, Passion Flower, Banisteriopsis caapi., Psilocybin, Nicotine, Coleus blumei, Alepidea amatymbica (Iqwili), Syrian rue(Peganum harmala), Ubhubhubhu(Helinus integrifolius), Salvia divinorum Expect this list to expand.
Psychoactive: Psych or "psyche", refers to the mind, active means, well it means "active". Psychoactive means active in the mind. This doesn't necessarily mean that the psychoactive substance is powerful like crack or LSD though, as it can be subtle like Nicotine or Caffine, or diabolical like scopolamine. Psychoactive drugs can be subtle, like caffeine, but still be grouped in to this classification of drugs. They can be anything from Caffeine, to Nicotine, all the way up to heroin and DMT. People get all freaked out when they hear the word, and assume that the drug it is referring to is a narcotic, but this isn't necessarily the case. What is a psychoactive drug? "A psychoactive drug, mind-altering drug, or consciousness-altering drug is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior."[9] Another point: psychoactive can be (1) deliriant, or it can be (2) narcotic, or it can be (3) subtle, or it can be (4) psychedelic. A deliriant and a psychedelic are the complete opposite from one another.
Common Psychoactive drugs/ethnobotanicals: Passion flower, Kola Nut, Cowage, Damiana, Cannabis, Nutmeg, Iboga, Khat, Kava, Kanna, Kratom, Betel Nuts, B. caapi, Chacruna, Psychotria viridis, Ephedra sinica, Psilocybin mushrooms, Tea, Coffee, Tobacco, Opium Poppy, Catnip, Henbane(deliriant), Bella Donna(deliriant), Datura(deliriant), Mandrake(deliriant)
Psychedelic: Psyche means "mind", and Delic means "manifesting". Psychedelic means "mind manifesting" or "soul/spirit manifesting". Psychedelics differ from deliriants(hallucinogens) because they are not poisonous, and do not cause actual hallucinations. Deliriants do cause actual hallucinations, and tend to be poisonous.
Common Psychedelic drugs/ethnobotanicals: Mescaline(Peyote and related Cacti), Psilocybin, DMT(plant derived), Ayahuasca, LSA(plant derived), MDA(plant derived), etc. MDMA is plant derived, as well as LSD, and 2c-b[x].
Purgative:
Common Purgative drugs/ethnobotanicals: Wild Dagga(Leonotis leonurus)
Spasmolytic:
Common Spasmolytic drugs/ethnobotanicals:
Sedative:
Common Sedative drugs/ethnobotanicals:
Stimulant: A stimulant is any drug that gives you energy, increases heart rate, etc. Caffeine is the best example of a stimulant. Methamphetamines is the best example of the most diabolical of all stimulants. There are tons of herbal stimulants out there, some of a sexual nature. Aphrodisiacs and stimulants tend to go hand in hand, so I have noticed. ( no pun intended on the hand thing haha )
Common Stimulant drugs/ethnobotanicals: Khat, Kola Nut, Kratom, Caffeine, Betel Nuts, Tobacco, Ginseng, Guarana, Thcv, and Ephedra sinica(and ephedrine).
Tonic:
Common drugs/ethnobotanicals:
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Academic citations:
[1] Sockrider, Marianna, and Lynn Fussner. "What is asthma?." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 202.9 (2020): P25-P26.
[2] Halliwell, Barry. "Antioxidants: the basics-what they are and how to evaluate them." Advances in pharmacology 38 (1996): 3-20.
[3] Tai, Joseph, et al. "In vitro culture studies of Sutherlandia frutescens on human tumor cell lines." Journal of ethnopharmacology 93.1 (2004): 9-19.
[4] Pansai, Nattha, Juraithip Wungsintaweekul, and Santad Wichienchot. "The effects of Mitragyna speciosa extracts on intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in vitro fecal fermentation." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 104.14 (2024): 8500-8510.
[5] Wolfram, Swen. "Effects of green tea and EGCG on cardiovascular and metabolic health." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 26.4 (2007): 373S-388S.
[6] Koltai, Hinanit, and Zohara Yaniv. "Plants with Phytomolecules Recognized by Receptors in the Central Nervous System." Medicinal Herbs and Fungi: Neurotoxicity vs. Neuroprotection (2021): 269-291.
[7] Du, Yingjie, et al. "Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction in mice by promoting hippocampal neuroplasticity." Chinese Medical Journal 136.24 (2023): 2983-2992.
[8] Catlow, Briony J., et al. "Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning." Experimental brain research 228 (2013): 481-491.
[10] GITHENS, THOMAS STOTESBURY. "The mechanism of the action of antipyretic drugs." The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 25 (1925): 309.
[11] https://www.britannica.com/science/antidiabetic-drug
[12] Hughes, R. Elwyn. "The rise and fall of the “antiscorbutics”: some notes on the traditional cures for “land scurvy”." Medical history 34.1 (1990): 52-64.
[9] "Alcohol and Other Drugs". The Public Health Bush Book: Facts & approaches to three key public health issues. ISBN 0-7245-3361-3. Archived from the original on 2015-03-28.
[13] Toro, Gianluca, and Benjamin Thomas. Drugs of the dreaming: Oneirogens: Salvia divinorum and other dream-enhancing plants. Simon and Schuster, 2007.
Encyclopedia Sources:
Other resources:
M.A.P.S. Ethnobotanical Studies By Scholars
PubChem - pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov