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Quiz One On Mind Body Systems & Fasting
Endogenous Exogenous Drugs, Tolerance, Receptor Sites, Etc
Hosea 4:6 Be as wise as a serpent.
(1): True Or False: "Upregulation refers to a gradual increase in the total number of receptor sites on cells or tissues."
A) True!
B) False!
(2): What is an antagonist? (According to the National Institute Of Health)
A) A person who pisses you off on purpose.
B) Antagonists are drugs that bind to receptors without activating them, and consequently prevent the binding of other agonists.
C) Antagonists are drugs that bind to receptors while activating them, thus upregulating the system.
D) None of the above.
(3): What is an Agonist?
A) Someone in pain.
B) Agonists are drugs that bind to receptors without activating them, and consequently prevent the binding of other antagonists.
C) Agonists are drugs that bind and activate receptors.
D) All of the above.
(4): Fill in the blank: Numerous studies have shown that chronic exposure of a receptor to an _____________ typically leads to upregulation, or an increased number of receptors
A) sedative
B) agonist
C) antagonist
D) stimulant
(5): Fill in the blank: while chronic exposure of a receptor to an ___________ causes downregulation, or a decreased number of receptors
A) agonist
B) antagonist
C) stimulant
D) neurotoxin
(6): True Or False: "Receptor molecules receive signals from outside the cell, passing them inside. They are cell surface proteins that catch molecules and send signals."
A) False!
B) True!
(7): True Or False: Receptors pick up on drugs, both endogenous and exogenous.
A) True
B) False
(8): According to the National Cancer Institute, endogenous means: ___________________________, and exogenous means: ________________________ Select the two correct answer in the correct order.
A) produced inside an organism or cell
B) external, or from outside
C) a type of life-form that lives in the sea.
D) #4 on the Mcdonalds dollar menu.
(9): Fill in the blank: Examples of Endogenous drugs(in this case opioids) include ____________ and endorphins, and they are primarily produced in the brain and have multiple actions throughout the body.
A) cortisol
B) anandamide
C) enkephalins
D) vitamin B
(10): True Or False: "Enkephalins are known to be distributed extensively throughout mammals' central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems."
A) False!
B) True!
(11): True Or False: "Met-enkephalin has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects on various cell types."
A) True!
B) False!
(12): Three major classes of opioid receptors exist: Select ALL that apply! (There are multiple answers)
A) mu opioid receptors
B) delta opioid receptors
C) kappa opioid receptors
D) theta opioid receptors
E) alpha opioid receptors
(13): True Or False: "In response to stress, organisms release corticotropin-releasing factor, which, in turn, stimulates the production of catecholamines while simultaneously producing endogenous opioids, including enkephalins and endorphins. The postulate is that the endogenous opioid system regulates the intensity and duration of the stress response via multiple mechanisms."
A) True!
B) False!
(14): True Or False: "Dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system has implications in various disease states, reflecting its wide distribution throughout the human nervous system and body."
A) True!
B) False!
(15): True Or False: "Downregulation of both pro-dynorphin and pro-enkephalin occurred in the caudate nucleus of alcoholics"
A) False!
B) True!
(16): True Or False: According to the University of Sydney Australia: "Our study showing that endogenous opioids strongly regulate the neural pathways important in anxiety disorders suggests that future therapies for anxiety disorders could target the endogenous opioid system."
Open book: https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2017/03/23/boosting-natural-brain-opioids-may-be-better-way-to-treat-anxiet.htmlA) True!
B) False!
(17): True Or False: "Experiments in mice have shown that 'deleting' the natural opioid known as enkephalin, which is heavily expressed in the brain's amygdala, increases their fear, anxiety and aggressiveness. By contrast, increasing enkephalin or reducing its breakdown reduces these behaviours."
Open book: https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2017/03/23/boosting-natural-brain-opioids-may-be-better-way-to-treat-anxiet.htmlA) True!
B) False!
(18): True Or False: Regular running exercise increases serum and cerebrospinal fluid content of endogenous opioids."
A) True!
B) False!
(19): True Or False: "Throughout all the pain associated with spicy foods, the consumption of these foods releases endorphins and dopamine. This creates euphoria similar to a 'runners high.'"
A) True!
B) False!
(20): True Or False: Traditional spices contain a phytochemical called capsaicin, including most peppers.
A) True!
B) False!
(21): True Or False: According to the National Library Of Medicine: "A fundamental subdivision of nociceptive sensory neurons is named after their unique sensitivity to capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in hot chili peppers, and these are called capsaicin-sensitive afferents.."
A) True!
B) False!
(22): True Or False: "THC and cannabinol induce a CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor-independent release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from capsaicin-sensitive perivascular sensory nerves."
A) True!
B) False!
(23): True Or False: "Peptides play an essential role in fundamental physiological processes and are necessary for many biochemical processes."
A) True!
B) False!
(24): True Or False: "The endocannabinoid system is an important constituent of the neuronal substrates involved in the reinforcement and reward processes of the brain. It modulates(see definition here) the rewarding and pharmacological responses induced by cannabinoids, as well as those induced by other drugs of abuse."
A) True!
B) False!
(25): True Or False:
The endocannabinoid is also tied in with the immune system, neuroprotection, as well as the pineal gland.A) True!
B) False!
(26): True Or False: "The pineal gland comprises indispensable compounds of the endocannabinoid system indicating that endocannabinoids may be involved in the control of pineal physiology."
A) True!
B) False!
(27): True Or False: According to Harvard University: "We know that the ECS plays a critical role in learning and memory due to several lines of research.
A) True!
B) False!
(28): True Or False: Fluoride is often put into pharmaceuticals, and according to Harvard University: "Children in high-fluoride areas had significantly lower IQ scores than those who lived in low-fluoride areas."
A) True!
B) False!
(29): True Or False: According to the National Institute Of Health: "Some prescription medications contain fluoride, but not as the active ingredient."
(Don't be fooled by "not as the active ingredient".)A) True!
B) False!
(30): True Or False: There is such a thing as genetically engineered Cannabis, and it is unGodly.
Hint: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476804/A) True!
B) False!
(31): True Or False: Genetically engineered does not mean the same thing as "hybrid". Hybrids are naturally cross-pollinated by humans or bee's, while GMO's are mad-scientist abominations.
A) True!
B) False!
(32): True Or False: According to the National Human Genome Research Institute(Genome.GOV): Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism."
A) True!
B) False!
(33): True Or False: Proplyene glycol induces neurodegeneration, kills brain cells, and induces inflammation.
A) True!
B) False!
(34): True Or False: Stanford University says:
A) True!
B) False!
(35): [Vocabulary] True Or False: According to Oregon State University, Satire means: "Satire is the art of making someone or something look ridiculous"
A) True!
B) False!
(36): True Or False: "It has been demonstrated in animal models that the endocannabinoid anandamide has anti-hyperalgesic properties upon capsaicin stimulation, albeit it also binds to vanilloid receptors."
A) True!
B) False!
(37): True Or False: "Several studies demonstrate that anandamide exerts an overall modulatory effect on the brain reward circuitry."
A) True!
B) False!
(38): True Or False: "Enhanced brain levels of anandamide after treatment with inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase, the main enzyme responsible for its degradation, seem to affect the rewarding and reinforcing actions of many drugs of abuse."
A) True!
B) False!
(39): "The limbic system is the part of the brain involved in our ________________________ responses, especially when it comes to behaviours we need for survival."
A) Pancakes, Sausage.
B) behavioural and emotional
C) reward and sleep
D) learning and memory
E) None of the above
(40): The limbic system is understood to have links to ________, ________, and _________ that connect to other parts of the brain.
A) sleep, dreams, and visions
B) sight, hearing, and smelling
C) pancakes, sausage, and gravy
D) emotional, memory, and motivational processes
E) None of the above.
(41): True Or False: "Clinically, some specific disorders occur when parts of the limbic system suffer a lesion."
A) True
B) False
(42): True Or False: Another interesting fact stated by the National Library Of Medicine source that I cite on this subject, is that the limbic system plays a role in "social processing" as well.
A) True!
B) False!
(43): According to the National Library Of Medicine: "Several studies have focused on the changes in the limbic system, specifically the hippocampus, owing to the fact that the main symptoms of _______ abuse pertain to the limbic system. Chronic METH exposure has been shown to lead to long-lasting cognitive deficits in clinical and in experimental models of _________ abuse"
A) Cannabis
B) Kratom
C) Tobacco
D) Methamphetamine
E) All of the above.
(44): True Or False: Academic sources confirm for us that: "Long-term methamphetamine abuse can induce neurotoxic effects"
A) True!
B) False!
(45): True Or False: "Several lines of evidence suggest that chronic Methamphetamine abuse leads to neurodegenerative changes in the human brain." That means the people who use it are not actually superior. They are delusional.
A) True!
B) False!
(46): True Or False: "Neurodegenerative diseases occur when nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system lose function over time and ultimately die."
A) True!
B) False!
(47): According to the National Institute Of Health, Regular walking is very good for you, and can _____, _____, ______, as well as strengthen your bones and muscles, and help you to maintain a healthy weight, as well as elevate your mood Select ALL that apply.
A) help you to be more confident, eat fewer candy bars, and be more attractive
B) lower your risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes
C) pancakes, eggs, and bacon.
D) All of the above.
(48): True Or False: According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, fasting is defined as: "Fasting, abstinence from food or drink or both for health, ritualistic, religious, or ethical purposes."
A) True!
B) False!
(49): True Or False: According to the National Library Of Medicine: "Fasting shows great potential in preventing chronic diseases and has to be surmounted under some extraordinary circumstances."
A) True!
B) False!
Quiz complete. Click here to jump to the answer key.
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Answer Key:
1) A, True.
Academic Source:https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/upregulation
When you stop using a drug, your body begins the upregulation process where receptor sites increase, and your tolerance then goes down.
2) B!
Academic Source: Tulane University: https://tmedweb.tulane.edu/pharmwiki/doku.php/basic_principles_of_pharm
3) C!
Academic Source: Tulane University: https://tmedweb.tulane.edu/pharmwiki/doku.php/basic_principles_of_pharm
4) C, antagonist!
"Numerous studies have shown that chronic exposure of a receptor to an antagonist typically leads to upregulation, or an increased number of receptors."
Academic source: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4780670/ Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: upregulation, age-related effects, and associations with drug use. PMCID: PMC4780670 NIHMSID: NIHMS762805 PMID: 26351737
5) A, agonist!
"while chronic exposure of a receptor to an agonist causes downregulation, or a decreased number of receptors"
Academic source(s): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4780670/ Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: upregulation, age-related effects, and associations with drug use. PMCID: PMC4780670 NIHMSID: NIHMS762805 PMID: 26351737
6) B, True!
"Receptor molecules receive signals from outside the cell, passing them inside. They are cell surface proteins that catch molecules and send signals."
Academic source(s): Dolan DNA Learning Center on Main Street in Cold Spring Harbor University: https://dnalc.cshl.edu/view/1069-Receptor-Molecules.html
7) A, True!
Receptors pick up on drugs, both endogenous and exogenous.
Academic source(s): [8] [WARNING! Link is a PDF] (Scan pdf's with VirusTotal.com Before Opening) https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/629967/mod_resource/content/1/addictionarticle1teeson.pdf and [10] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4621983/ Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor PMCID: PMC4621983 PMID: 26218440
8) A, B.
Endogenous are drugs produced by the body, exogenous are drugs put into the body from the outside(kratom, cannabis, etc)
Academic source(s): [7] https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/endogenous
9) C, enkephalins!
Enkephalins are a type of endogenous opioid that your body makes!
Academic source(s): National Library Of Medicine: Zagon IS, McLaughlin PJ. Endogenous Opioids in the Etiology and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. In: Zagon IS, McLaughlin PJ, editors. Multiple Sclerosis: Perspectives in Treatment and Pathogenesis [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Codon Publications; 2017 Nov 27. Chapter 8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470156/ doi: 10.15586/codon.multiplesclerosis.2017.ch8
10) B, True!
"Enkephalins are known to be distributed extensively throughout mammals' central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems."
Academic source(s): Cullen JM, Cascella M. Physiology, Enkephalin. [Updated 2023 Mar 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557764/
11) A, True!
"Met-enkephalin has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects on various cell types."
Academic source(s): Cullen JM, Cascella M. Physiology, Enkephalin. [Updated 2023 Mar 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557764/
12) A, C, B.
Three types of opioid receptors: mu (mainly expressed in the CNS), delta (equally expressed in the CNS and spinal cord), and kappa (expressed primarily in the spinal cord).
Academic source(s): Cullen JM, Cascella M. Physiology, Enkephalin. [Updated 2023 Mar 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557764/
13) A, True!
"In response to stress, organisms release corticotropin-releasing factor, which, in turn, stimulates the production of catecholamines while simultaneously producing endogenous opioids, including enkephalins and endorphins. The postulate is that the endogenous opioid system regulates the intensity and duration of the stress response via multiple mechanisms."
Academic source(s): Cullen JM, Cascella M. Physiology, Enkephalin. [Updated 2023 Mar 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557764/
14) A, True!
"Dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system has implications in various disease states, reflecting its wide distribution throughout the human nervous system and body."
Academic source(s): Cullen JM, Cascella M. Physiology, Enkephalin. [Updated 2023 Mar 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557764/
15) B, True!
"Downregulation of both pro-dynorphin and pro-enkephalin occurred in the caudate nucleus of alcoholics"
Academic source(s): Cullen JM, Cascella M. Physiology, Enkephalin. [Updated 2023 Mar 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557764/
16) A!, True!
The University of Sydney Australia seems to think that boosting natural brain opioids may be a better way to treat anxiety. According to the University: "Our study showing that endogenous opioids strongly regulate the neural pathways important in anxiety disorders suggests that future therapies for anxiety disorders could target the endogenous opioid system."
Academic source(s): https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2017/03/23/boosting-natural-brain-opioids-may-be-better-way-to-treat-anxiet.html
17) A, True!
"Experiments in mice have shown that 'deleting' the natural opioid known as enkephalin, which is heavily expressed in the brain's amygdala, increases their fear, anxiety and aggressiveness. By contrast, increasing enkephalin or reducing its breakdown reduces these behaviours."
Academic source(s): https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2017/03/23/boosting-natural-brain-opioids-may-be-better-way-to-treat-anxiet.html
18) A, True!
"Regular running exercise increases serum and cerebrospinal fluid content of endogenous opioids."
Academic source(s): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6345518/ REGULAR EXERCISE REVERSES SENSORY HYPERSENSITIVITY IN A RAT NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL: ROLE OF ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS PMCID: PMC6345518 NIHMSID: NIHMS274780 PMID: 21386701
19) A, True!
"Throughout all the pain associated with spicy foods, the consumption of these foods releases endorphins and dopamine. This creates euphoria similar to a 'runners high.'"
Academic source(s): Salisbury University: https://www.salisbury.edu/administration/student-affairs/dining-services/newsletter/march-1-2022/wordl-of-spices.aspx
20) A, True!
Traditional spices contain a phytochemical called capsaicin, including most peppers.
Academic source(s): Salisbury University: https://www.salisbury.edu/administration/student-affairs/dining-services/newsletter/march-1-2022/wordl-of-spices.aspx
21) A, True!
According to the National Library Of Medicine: "A fundamental subdivision of nociceptive sensory neurons is named after their unique sensitivity to capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in hot chili peppers, and these are called capsaicin-sensitive afferents.."
Academic source(s): The Mysteries of Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferents | Michael J M Fischer, Cosmin I Ciotu, Arpad Szallasi https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7772409/ PMCID: PMC7772409 PMID: 33391007
22) A, True!
"THC and cannabinol induce a CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor-independent release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from capsaicin-sensitive perivascular sensory nerves."
Academic source(s): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6758782/ Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinol Activate Capsaicin-Sensitive Sensory Nerves via a CB1 and CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor-Independent Mechanism | Peter M Zygmunt, David A Andersson, Edward D Högestätt. PMCID: PMC6758782 PMID: 12040079
23) A, True!
"Peptides play an essential role in fundamental physiological processes and are necessary for many biochemical processes."
Academic source(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562260/ Forbes J, Krishnamurthy K. Biochemistry, Peptide. [Updated 2023 Aug 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562260/
24) A, True!
"The endocannabinoid system is an important constituent of the neuronal substrates involved in the reinforcement and reward processes of the brain. It modulates(see definition here) the rewarding and pharmacological responses induced by cannabinoids, as well as those induced by other drugs of abuse."
Academic source(s): National Library Of Medicine: Brain activity of anandamide: a rewarding bliss? https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6460372/ Maria Scherma, Paolo Masia, Valentina Satta, Walter Fratta, Paola Fadda, Gianluigi Tanda PMCID: PMC6460372 PMID: 30050084
25) A, True!
The endocannabinoid is also tied in with the immune system, neuroprotection, as well as the pineal gland.
Academic source(s): Endocannabinoids and immune regulation https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3044336/ Rupal Pandey, Khalida Mousawy, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti PMCID: PMC3044336 NIHMSID: NIHMS182272 PMID: 19428268 [AND] https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/neuroprotective
26) A, True!
"The pineal gland comprises indispensable compounds of the endocannabinoid system indicating that endocannabinoids may be involved in the control of pineal physiology."
Academic source(s): Endocannabinoids and immune regulation https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3044336/ Rupal Pandey, Khalida Mousawy, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti PMCID: PMC3044336 NIHMSID: NIHMS182272 PMID: 19428268
27) A, True!
According to Harvard University: "We know that the ECS plays a critical role in learning and memory due to several lines of research.
Academic source(s): Harvard University: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-endocannabinoid-system-essential-and-mysterious-202108112569
28) A, True!
Fluoride is often put into pharmaceuticals, and according to Harvard University: "Children in high-fluoride areas had significantly lower IQ scores than those who lived in low-fluoride areas."
Academic source(s): https://hsph.harvard.edu/news/fluoride-childrens-health-grandjean-choi/ [AND] https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Fluoride-HealthProfessional/
29) A, True!
"Some prescription medications contain fluoride, but not as the active ingredient."
Academic source(s): https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Fluoride-HealthProfessional/
30) A, True!
There is such a thing as genetically engineered Cannabis, and it is unGodly.
Academic source(s): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8476804/
31) A, True!
Genetically engineered does not mean the same thing as "hybrid". Hybrids are naturally cross-pollinated by humans or bee's, while GMO's are mad-scientist abominations.
Academic source(s): https://plantbreeding.ucdavis.edu/what-plant-breeding
32) A, True!
According to the National Human Genome Research Institute(Genome.GOV): Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism."
Academic source(s): National Human Genome Research Institute: https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Genetic-Engineering
33) A, True!
Proplyene glycol induces neurodegeneration, kills brain cells, and induces inflammation. They're lacing "hemp" with it(and sunscreen, shredded coconut, and other things), thus slowly causing brain fog(over-time), and then slandering God by telling everyone the lie that "thc has always caused brain fog", and it's simply not true.
Academic source(s): Propylene Glycol produces excessive apoptosis in the developing mouse brain, alone and in combination with Phenobarbital https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3366500/ KAREN LAU, BRANT S SWINEY, NICK REEVES, KEVIN K NOGUCHI, NURI B FARBER
34) A, True!
Anti-Marijuana propaghanda began in the early 1900's with films like "reefer madness", where the socialist first made false claims that Cannabis causes people to go insane and is connected to mental illness(lies). Today, they're using poisoned hemp products as a means to spread these old lies in new times. They're putting proplyene glycol in the products and even hiding it. I back this up on my Cannabis blog page.
Academic source(s): Stanford University: https://tobacco.stanford.edu/marijuanas/reefer-madness/
35) A, True!
According to Oregon State University, Satire means: "Satire is the art of making someone or something look ridiculous"
Academic source(s): Oregon State University: https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/wlf/what-satire
36) A, True!
"It has been demonstrated in animal models that the endocannabinoid anandamide has anti-hyperalgesic properties upon capsaicin stimulation, albeit it also binds to vanilloid receptors."
Academic source(s): Roman Rukwied, Allan Watkinson, Francis McGlone, Melita Dvorak, Cannabinoid agonists attenuate capsaicin-induced responses in human skin, Pain, Volume 102, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 283-288, ISSN 0304-3959, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00401-3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304395902004013)
37) A, True!
"Several studies demonstrate that anandamide exerts an overall modulatory effect on the brain reward circuitry."
Academic source(s): National Library Of Medicine: Brain activity of anandamide: a rewarding bliss? https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6460372/ Maria Scherma, Paolo Masia, Valentina Satta, Walter Fratta, Paola Fadda, Gianluigi Tanda PMCID: PMC6460372 PMID: 30050084
38) A, True!
"Enhanced brain levels of anandamide after treatment with inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase, the main enzyme responsible for its degradation, seem to affect the rewarding and reinforcing actions of many drugs of abuse."
Academic source(s): National Library Of Medicine: Brain activity of anandamide: a rewarding bliss? https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6460372/ Maria Scherma, Paolo Masia, Valentina Satta, Walter Fratta, Paola Fadda, Gianluigi Tanda PMCID: PMC6460372 PMID: 30050084
39) B, behavioural and emotional
"The limbic system is the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses, especially when it comes to behaviours we need for survival."
Academic source(s): University Of Queensland: https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/limbic-system
40) D, emotional, memory, and motivational processes.
The limbic system is understood to have links to emotional, memory, and motivational processes that connect to other parts of the brain.
Academic source(s): Torrico TJ, Abdijadid S. Neuroanatomy, Limbic System. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538491/
41) A, True!
"Clinically, some specific disorders occur when parts of the limbic system suffer a lesion."
Academic source(s): Torrico TJ, Abdijadid S. Neuroanatomy, Limbic System. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538491/
42) A, True!
Another interesting fact stated by the National Library Of Medicine source that I cite on this subject, is that the limbic system plays a role in "social processing" as well.
Academic source(s): Torrico TJ, Abdijadid S. Neuroanatomy, Limbic System. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538491/
43) D, Methamphetamine.
Via the National Library Of Medicine: "Several studies have focused on the changes in the limbic system, specifically the hippocampus, owing to the fact that the main symptoms of METH abuse pertain to the limbic system. Chronic METH exposure has been shown to lead to long-lasting cognitive deficits in clinical and in experimental models of METH abuse"
Academic source(s): The Effect of Chronic Methamphetamine Exposure on the Hippocampal and Olfactory Bulb Neuroproteomes of Rats. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4833297/ Rui Zhu, Tianjiao Yang, Firas Kobeissy, Tarek H Mouhieddine, Mohamad Raad, Amaly Nokkari, Mark S Gold, Kevin K Wang, Yehia Mechref, PMCID: PMC4833297 PMID: 27082425
44) A, True!
Academic sources confirm for us that: "Long-term methamphetamine abuse can induce neurotoxic effects"
Academic source(s): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332222009805
45) A, True!
"Several lines of evidence suggest that chronic Methamphetamine abuse leads to neurodegenerative changes in the human brain."
Academic source(s): METHAMPHETAMINE TOXICITY AND MESSENGERS OF DEATH https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2731235/ PMCID: PMC2731235 NIHMSID: NIHMS105133 PMID: 19328213 Irina N Krasnova, Jean Lud Cadet
46) A, True!
"Neurodegenerative diseases occur when nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system lose function over time and ultimately die."
Academic source(s): National Institute Of Environmental Health Services (Via the NIH): https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/health/neurodegenerative
47) B, lower your risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes
According to the National Institute Of Health, Regular walking is very good for you, and can lower your risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes, as well as strengthen your bones and muscles, and help you to maintain a healthy weight, as well as elevate your mood
Academic source(s): National Institute Of Health: https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/03/benefits-walking
48) A, True!
According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, fasting is defined as: "Fasting, abstinence from food or drink or both for health, ritualistic, religious, or ethical purposes."
Credible source(s): https://www.britannica.com/topic/fasting
49) A, True!
According to the National Library Of Medicine: "Fasting shows great potential in preventing chronic diseases and has to be surmounted under some extraordinary circumstances."
Academic source(s): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9503095/ Effects of 10-Day Complete Fasting on Physiological Homeostasis, Nutrition and Health Markers in Male Adults PMCID: PMC9503095 PMID: 36145236
Other resources:
M.A.P.S. Ethnobotanical Studies By Scholars
National Library Of Medicine https://www.nlm.nih.gov/
PubChem - pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov