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Plants That Produce Ibogaine (Voacanga, Tabernanthe, Silene)
Ethnobotanical Sources Of Ibogaine
Ezekiel 47:12 "And by the river upon the bank thereof, on this side and on that side, shall grow all trees for meat, whose leaf shall not fade, neither shall the fruit thereof be consumed: it shall bring forth new fruit according to his months, because their waters they issued out of the sanctuary: and the fruit thereof shall be for meat, and the leaf thereof for medicine."
What is Ibogaine? Ibogaine is a controlled substance that should NOT be illegal, because it is a miraculous God-made medicine.[6] Many plants that produce it are not controlled however, so it is comparable to the situation with Morning Glory seeds that produce the controlled substance known as LSA(a precursor to LSD).[x] The plant and seeds are not controlled in the United States. Ibogaine is primarily is known to be produced by Tabernanthe iboga, but it exist in many other plants, all of which are legal to buy, import, own, trade, sell, and grow.[7] Ibogaine is proven to benefit those who are addicted to drugs, and to help those suffering from PTSD and other brain related traumatic mental health conditions.[7][8] T. iboga produces the most Ibogaine out of all of the plants mentioned as far as I know. I'm working on getting details on how much Ibogaine exist in each individual plant. FYI: The T. iboga plant itself is NOT illegal in the United States, only the synthesis, isolation, or extraction of the drug(manufacturing of it), is illegal(or posession, sale, etc).[6] Plants are legal. Enjoy the intel! =)
Plants That Produce Ibogaine:
From chemical synthesis: Around 1.8 grams of Ibogaine can be synthesized from 100 grams of Voacanga africana root bark.[3]
T. iboga produces about 0.3% ibogaine in the root bark.[1] I can say that I have personally tried Iboga many years ago, and I took less than a couple of grams and I felt it. It for sure has more Ibogaine in it than Voacanaga africana, but I feel both are somewhat potent enough to "count". Another scholarly source details the results of sampled Iboga products from vendors online and found Ibogaine content ranging from .6 to 11.2%![4]
"Tabernaemontana alba and T. arborea can be used to produce ibogaine, with yields of between 0.95 % of voacangine and 0.22 % of ibogaine of root bark dry weight of T. alba and T. arborea"[2]
yields of between 0.95 % of voacangine and 0.22 % of ibogaine of root bark dry weight.[2] It's native to Mexico.[5] "Certain Tabernamontana species from the Amazon basin lie in between these two extremes, as they contain ibogaine type alkaloids and are occasionally employed as admixtures to the well-known psychoactive brew Ayahuasca whose main ingredients are Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae) and at least one N,N-dimethyltryptamine-containing plant."[5] Just because there's no known ethnobotanical use of this species in Mexico as a psychoactive sacrament does not mean that it is not the case. As the scholarly source that I cite puts it, "Several plants containing ibogaine type alkaloids may simply not be known as entheogens because the respective traditional knowledge has been lost or concealed from outsiders."[5] If you know of any others, please email me: ScottHermann850@gmail.com or ScottTheWarrior@juno.com Thanks! Related Ethnobotanicals:
Buy Iboga Seeds
Academic citations:
[1] Koenig X, Hilber K. The anti-addiction drug ibogaine and the heart: a delicate relation. Molecules. 2015 Jan 29;20(2):2208-28. doi: 10.3390/molecules20022208. PMID: 25642835; PMCID: PMC4382526. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4382526/
[2] Krengel, Felix, et al. "Metabolite Profiling of Anti‐Addictive Alkaloids from Four Mexican Tabernaemontana Species and the Entheogenic African Shrub Tabernanthe iboga (Apocynaceae)." Chemistry & Biodiversity 16.4 (2019): e1800506.
[3] González B, Fagúndez C, Peixoto de Abreu Lima A, Suescun L, Sellanes D, Seoane GA, Carrera I. Efficient Access to the Iboga Skeleton: Optimized Procedure to Obtain Voacangine from Voacanga africana Root Bark. ACS Omega. 2021 Jun 24;6(26):16755-16762. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00745. PMID: 34250335; PMCID: PMC8264847. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8264847/
[4]Bouso, José Carlos & FornÃs, Ivan & Loenen, Benjamin & Garrrido, Daniel F. & Guimarães, Rafael & Dos Santos, Rafael & Hallak, Jaime & Jenks, Christopher & Sainz Cort, Alberto. (2020). An analytical study of iboga alkaloids contained in Tabernanthe iboga-derived products offered by ibogaine treatment providers MIreIa ventura vIlaMala 2. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo). 46. 51-54. 10.1590/0101-60830000000231.
[5] Krengel, Felix, et al. "Beyond phytochemistry: Comparative ethnobotany among Oneirogenic alkaloid containing Tabernaemontana species from Mexico and the Amazon and the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga (Apocynaceae)." Ethnobotany (2023): 133-158.
[6] https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/2024-Drugs-of-Abuse-508.pdf
[7] Bouso, José Carlos, et al. "An analytical study of iboga alkaloids contained in Tabernanthe iboga-derived products offered by ibogaine treatment providers." Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) 47.2 (2020): 51-54.
[8] Davis, Alan Kooi, et al. "Open-label study of consecutive ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT assisted-therapy for trauma-exposed male Special Operations Forces Veterans: prospective data from a clinical program in Mexico." The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 49.5 (2023): 587-596.
[9] Barsuglia, Joseph P., et al. "A case report SPECT study and theoretical rationale for the sequential administration of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT in the treatment of alcohol use disorder." Progress in brain research 242 (2018): 121-158.
Encyclopedia Sources:
Other resources:
M.A.P.S. Ethnobotanical Studies By Scholars
PubChem - pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov